Psyche Machina

Exploring artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot usage behaviors and their association with mental health outcomes in Chinese university students

Journal of affective disorders, 2025

L4of 5
Design
Cross-sectional survey
Risk of bias
Some concerns
Sample
n = 1,004
AI type
General-purpose assistants
Outcomes
Dependence, Mood
Authors' conclusion
“In conclusion, AI chatbot usage is relatively common among university students, though overuse and severe dependence are infrequent. AI chatbot usage and dependence are associated with higher levels of depression; however, the causal relationship warrants further investigation.”Quoted verbatim from the abstract.

Draft grade. Level and risk of bias were assigned by our agent and await expert review. How we grade

Read the paper →DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.141